Tetanus, Diptheria, Pertussis (Tdap)

Tdap is a combined vaccine that protects against three serious diseases: tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough). These illnesses are much more common in some parts of Asia than in Australia.

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is a highly contagious bacterial infection that can cause severe throat swelling, difficulty breathing, and heart failure.

Tetanus

Tetanus is caused when bacteria from soil or dirt (Clostridium tetani) enter the body through a wound or injury. It can cause painful muscle spasms, breathing problems, and even death.

Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

Pertussis causes a long-lasting cough that can be very severe, especially in children. It can lead to pneumonia, seizures, and brain damage.

🌍 Traveller Risk (Asia)

Diphtheria: Cases reported sporadically in India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Myanmar, the Philippines, and some rural areas; outbreaks are rare but possible.

Tetanus: Risk present everywhere, especially rural areas where soil contamination is common, especially in India, Bangladesh, and Indonesia.

Pertussis: Circulates widely, particularly in India, China, and Indonesia, often due to low vaccination coverage.

🌍 Traveller Risk (Africa)

Diphtheria: Rare, but outbreaks occasionally occur in countries with low vaccination coverage (e.g., parts of West and East Africa).

Tetanus: Present across the continent; risk higher in rural areas, farming communities, or if injured.

Pertussis: Circulates in many countries, especially where vaccination coverage is incomplete.

🌍 Traveller Risk (South America)

Diphtheria: Very rare; mostly controlled due to high vaccination coverage.

Tetanus: Present, mainly through soil-contaminated wounds or injuries.

Pertussis: Present, outbreaks occur occasionally in areas with lower vaccination coverage.

✅ Key Takeaway for Travellers

All adults should have a Tdap booster every 10 years.

If you’re travelling to regions with low vaccination rates or limited healthcare access, make sure your Tdap vaccination is up to date before you go.